昆山家電分享：空調(diao)維修準確加(jia)氟(fu)的方法(fa)

加氟是空(kong)調維修的一(yi)項基本功，同(tong)時又是技術(shu)性很強的工(gong)作。以下是同(tong)行們在維修實踐中摸(mo)索出來的一(yi)些經(jing)驗，與讀者(zhe)共同(tong)探討(tao)。 

一、準確加(jia)氟的前提條件

1.維(wei)修的空調必(bi)須符合其(qi)使用條件及(ji)安裝標準。

2.維修(xiu)的空調控制系統及執行元(yuan)件必(bi)須正常；管路(lu)系統必(bi)須已有效排除空氣、水(shui)分、阻(zu)塞、泄漏點等情(qing)況；過濾網、內外熱交(jiao)換器應清潔(jie)，通(tong)風良好。

3.維(wei)修工具及材料必(bi)須(xu)合格。

4.嚴格按加(jia)氟工藝*作。

二、準確加(jia)氟的依據(ju)和方法

1.定量加(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)：在三通(tong)截止閥工(gong)藝口連接好三通(tong)閥、壓力表、加(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)軟管、氟(fu)(fu)(fu)瓶(ping)或真(zhen)空泵(beng)等(deng)。放(fang)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)抽真(zhen)空后，開(kai)始慢(man)慢(man)加(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)。用臺(tai)秤(cheng)等(deng)較精確(que)的計量工(gong)具稱重，當氟(fu)(fu)(fu)瓶(ping)內氟(fu)(fu)(fu)的減(jian)少量等(deng)于空調銘牌(pai)上的標準加(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)量時，關(guan)閉氟(fu)(fu)(fu)瓶(ping)閥門。

2.測電(dian)流：將空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調設(she)置于制(zhi)(zhi)冷或制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)高速風(feng)(feng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)（變頻空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調設(she)置于試運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)）下(xia)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)，在低壓(ya)截止閥工(gong)藝口(kou)處，邊加氟(fu)邊觀察鉗形電(dian)流表變化，當(dang)(dang)接(jie)近(jin)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調銘(ming)牌(pai)標定(ding)(ding)的(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)流值時，關(guan)閉(bi)氟(fu)瓶閥門。此時，讓空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調繼續運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)一段時間(jian)，當(dang)(dang)制(zhi)(zhi)冷狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)室(shi)(shi)溫(wen)接(jie)近(jin)27℃或制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)室(shi)(shi)溫(wen)接(jie)近(jin)20℃時，再考慮室(shi)(shi)外(wai)機(ji)(ji)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)、電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)高低等影響額(e)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)流的(de)因素，同(tong)時微調加氟(fu)的(de)量(liang)使之(zhi)達到(dao)額(e)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)流值，做(zuo)到(dao)準確加氟(fu)。要進行微調的(de)原因是因為空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調銘(ming)牌(pai)標定(ding)(ding)的(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)流值是空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調廠(chang)家在以下(xia)工(gong)況條(tiao)件測試的(de)數據：制(zhi)(zhi)冷狀(zhuang)態(tai)，電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓(ya)220V或380V時風(feng)(feng)扇高速風(feng)(feng)，室(shi)(shi)內空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)27℃，室(shi)(shi)外(wai)機(ji)(ji)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)35℃；制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓(ya)220V或380V時風(feng)(feng)扇高速風(feng)(feng)，室(shi)(shi)內空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)20℃，室(shi)(shi)外(wai)機(ji)(ji)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)7℃。

實(shi)踐總結的微(wei)調數據是：制(zhi)冷狀態下，以室(shi)外(wai)機(ji)空氣(qi)溫度35℃為(wei)標準，室(shi)外(wai)溫度每升高(gao)或(huo)降(jiang)低1℃，增加或(huo)減少(shao)額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電流(liu)值的1.4%；制(zhi)熱狀態下，以室(shi)外(wai)機(ji)空氣(qi)溫度7℃為(wei)標準，室(shi)外(wai)溫度每升高(gao)或(huo)降(jiang)低1℃，增加或(huo)減少(shao)額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電流(liu)值的1%；制(zhi)冷或(huo)制(zhi)熱狀態下，以額(e)定(ding)電源電壓(ya)220V或(huo)380V為(wei)標準，電源電壓(ya)每升高(gao)或(huo)降(jiang)低1V，減少(shao)或(huo)增加額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電流(liu)值：單相(xiang)1匹(pi)0.025A，1.5匹(pi)0.025A×1.5，2匹(pi)0.025A×2，3匹(pi)0.025A×3；三相(xiang)3匹(pi)0.025A×3/3，5匹(pi)0.025A×5/3，10匹(pi)0.025A×10/3。

3.測壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)法：將(jiang)(jiang)空調置(zhi)于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)高速風(feng)狀態（冬天(tian)(tian)，制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)需要(yao)加(jia)氟時，將(jiang)(jiang)空調設置(zhi)于(yu)強制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)狀態或將(jiang)(jiang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)傳(chuan)感器置(zhi)于(yu)27℃左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)溫(wen)水中，模擬(ni)夏(xia)天(tian)(tian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)讓空調處于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)狀態）下運轉，在低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)截止閥工(gong)(gong)藝口，邊(bian)加(jia)氟邊(bian)觀察(cha)真空壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)表(biao)的(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)，當低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)在0.49MPa（夏(xia)天(tian)(tian)）或0.25MPa（冬天(tian)(tian)），關閉氟瓶閥門。再考(kao)慮室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)機空氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高低(di)(di)(di)、室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)冷(leng)(leng)負荷大(da)小等影響低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)，微調氟利(li)昂的(de)(de)量和(he)表(biao)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)，做到(dao)準確加(jia)氟。進(jin)行微調的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)是因(yin)為低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)與室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)冷(leng)(leng)負荷成正(zheng)比，即(ji)冷(leng)(leng)負荷越大(da)，壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)越高，反之(zhi)越低(di)(di)(di)；加(jia)氟工(gong)(gong)藝口及附(fu)(fu)近管道，因(yin)安裝在室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)，其壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)及蒸發溫(wen)度(du)(du)受外(wai)界氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)影響很大(da)，室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)熱(re)交換器實(shi)際壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)及蒸發溫(wen)度(du)(du)夏(xia)天(tian)(tian)要(yao)偏(pian)高一些(xie)，冬天(tian)(tian)要(yao)偏(pian)低(di)(di)(di)一些(xie)。實(shi)踐(jian)中總結的(de)(de)在風(feng)扇(shan)高速風(feng)，室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)(du)為27℃的(de)(de)情況下，低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)數據(ju)如附(fu)(fu)表(biao)所示(shi)。

4.觀察法：將空調設置在制(zhi)(zhi)冷或制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)高速風(feng)狀態下(xia)運轉，加氟量(liang)準(zhun)確時(shi)室內(nei)熱(re)(re)交換(huan)器進(jin)、出風(feng)口處(chu)10cm的溫(wen)差是：制(zhi)(zhi)冷時(shi)大(da)(da)于12℃，制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)時(shi)大(da)(da)于16℃；制(zhi)(zhi)冷時(shi)，室內(nei)熱(re)(re)交換(huan)器全部結露(lu) 、蒸發聲均(jun)勻(yun)低沉、室外截(jie)止閥(fa)處(chu)結露(lu)、夏季冷凝滴水(shui)連續不(bu)斷(duan)、室內(nei)熱(re)(re)交換(huan)器與毛細管的連接處(chu)無霜有露(lu) 等；制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)時(shi)，室內(nei)熱(re)(re)交換(huan)器壁溫(wen)大(da)(da)于40℃。

在實際維修中(zhong)，變頻(pin)(pin)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)因對加氟(fu)量(liang)的(de)準(zhun)確(que)性要(yao)求相當高，或定頻(pin)(pin)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)因制冷管路系(xi)統需抽(chou)真空(kong)時(shi)，宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)定量(liang)加氟(fu)方法。若管路系(xi)統需補充氟(fu)時(shi)，宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)以測電流為主、測表壓(ya)為輔，兼(jian)顧觀察的(de)方法。